Umkhumbi Wasolwandle Olubomvu: I-Houthis Imisa Ukuhlasela Ngesexwayiso

Amavukelambuso ase-Yemen aseHouthi amemezele ngokusemthethweni ngoNovemba 12, 2025, ukumiswa kwemisebenzi yasolwandle eqondise i-Israel kanye nokususwa kwezivimbelo emachwebeni ase-Israel, okuphawula ukuphela okuncane kwenkinga yemikhumbi{2}}yeminyaka emibili ye-Red Sea ephazamise umgudu wokuhweba obalulekile emhlabeni jikelele.

Lesi sinqumo siza ngemuva kwemibono yangaphambilini evela kumaHouthis. Ngomhla ziyi-12 kuMfumfu, ilungu lehhovisi lezepolitiki laleli qembu lathi lizomisa ukuhlasela kwemikhumbi{2}}exhunywe kwa-Israeli oLwandle Olubomvu uma i-Israel ithobela isivumelwano sokumisa ukudubula e-Gaza. NgoNovemba 9, abakwaHouthis baxwayise ngokuthi bazophinde bahlasele uma ukumiswa kwengxabano kubhidlika. Nokho, leli qembu ligcizelele isimo esinemibandela: "Siyiqaphe ngeso lokhozi okwenzekayo futhi simemezela ukuthi uma isitha siqala kabusha ukuhlasela kwaso eGaza, sizobuyela emisebenzini yethu yezempi ekujuleni kwenhlangano yamaZiyoni, futhi sizokubuyisela ukuvinjelwa kokuzulazula kwe-Israel oLwandle Olubomvu nolwe-Arabia."

Inkinga yeminyaka emibili{0}idale ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Idatha yomphakathi ibonisa ukuthi imikhumbi yabathengisi engaphezu kwe-100 edabula uLwandle Olubomvu yahlaselwa, 4 yacwila, futhi eminingana yadunwa, okubangele okungenani ukufa kwamatilosi angu-8{7}}9. Ngaphambi kwale nkinga, izimpahla ezibiza isigidigidi esingu-$1 zazinqamula uLwandle Olubomvu minyaka yonke—okungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zohwebo lwasolwandle emhlabeni. Ukuhlasela kwamaHouthis kuphoqe izinkampani ezinkulu zemikhumbi ezifana ne-Maersk ne-MSC ukuthi ziphinde zidlule eCape of Good Hope, zengeza izinsuku ezingu-5-7 zezikhathi zokuhamba futhi zakhuphula izindleko zempahla ngo-20% -30% emizileni yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, nokushoda okukhulu kwamakhebhini.

Imboni yezokuthutha iphendule ngengxube yethemba nokuqapha. Umkhumbi weziqukathi ze-CMA CGM ezingu-17,859 TEU udlule ngempumelelo i-Suez Canal ngo-Okthoba 25, waba umkhumbi wokuqala omkhulu we-TEU{6}}yezinga le-18,000{6}}ukuqalisa kabusha umzila eminyakeni emibili{7}}ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kokuvikeleka koLwandle Olubomvu. Nokho, izinkampani eziningi zihlala zihlakaniphile. Isazi sezokuphepha zasolwandle uMartin Kelly saphawula, "Kusukela ngoNovemba 11, ubungozi bokuhlaselwa kweHouthi ngemikhumbi oLwandle Olubomvu, eGulf of Aden, kanye nesifunda esibanzi sehle kakhulu. Nokho, naphezu kokumiswa, amaHouthi asenawo amandla okuqalisa ukuhlasela kwemikhumbi ecitshwayo, i-drone, kanye nemikhumbi engenamuntu." Amafemu afana no-Wallenius Wilhelmsen kanye ne-Tailwind Shipping Lines alibazisekile ukuqalisa kabusha imizila yoLwandle Olubomvu, egcizelela isidingo sokuhlola ngokugcwele ukuqina kokumiswa komlilo ezinyangeni ezizayo, okuhlanganisa nohambo lwesivivinyo.

Izindleko zempahla mancane amathuba okuthi zibuyele ngokushesha-emazingeni angaphambi kwenhlekelele ngenxa yokwanda komshwalense wengcuphe yempi kanye{1}}nezivumelwano zesikhathi eside zokuqondisa kabusha ezisayinwe ezinye izinkampani zenethiwekhi. Ngokubalulekile, ukumiswa kwamaHouthi kunemibandela ekubambeni kweGaza ukumiswa kokudubula{3}okusho ukuthi ukuphepha kwemikhumbi yasoLwandle Olubomvu kuncike ngokuphelele ekuzinzeni kokuma kuka-Israyeli ngaseGaza. Ukusimama kwalokhu kubuyela kwesijwayelekile akukaqinisekwa, kuxhumene kakhulu nentuthuko yaseGaza Strip.